Wide Area Network

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There are so many options available to implement a WAN that can be distinguished on the basis of technology, speed and costs required.
One major difference is the organization's LAN to the WAN provider must subscribe to the company network from the existing network providers.
A WAN uses the data lines to carry data to the Internet and connect locations separate companies. Telephone and data services are the most widely used on the WAN.
Device on the customer called the CPE (Customer Premises Equipment). Customers have their own or rented from service providers. Copper cable, fiber optics or wireless which is used to connect the CPE to the central provider or nearest to the headquarters of the service provider. This media is often called the local loop.

Devices that putting the data into the local loop is called DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment). Customer devices that pass data to the DCE called DTE (Data Terminal Equipment).

WAN Line provides a variety of data speeds measured in kilobits per second. Below are a variety of WAN technologies and speeds that are available.


WAN Devices
WAN to connect multiple LANs via communication lines from service providers. Because the lines of communication can not be directly inserted into the appropriate LAN interface devices.
The devices include the following:

1) Router
LAN sends data to the router, then router will be analyzed based on layer 3 address information. Then the router will forward the data to the appropriate WAN interface based on its routing table. Router is an active network device and intelegent and can participate in network management. Router set up the network by providing dynamic control over the resources and support tasks and goals of the network. Some goals include connectivity, performance of a reliable, management control and flexibility.

2) CSU / DSU
Lines of communication requires signals with a suitable format. For digital lines, a Channel Service Unit (CSU) and Data Service Unit (DSU) is required. Both are often combined into a device called a CSU / DSU.

3) Modem
Modem is a device needed to prepare data for transmission over the local loop. More modem required for digital compared to analog communication channels. Modems send data over phone lines to modulate and demodulate the signal. Superimposed digital signal into an analog voice signal is modulated to be transmitted. On the receiving analog signal back into digital signals or demodulation.

4) Communication Server
Communications Server concentrating dial-in users communications and remote access to the LAN. Communications Server has several analog and digital interface capable of serving multiple users simultaneously.

standard WAN
WAN using OSI layer but only focus on layer 1 and 2. WAN standards generally reflect both the shipping method layer 1 and layer 2 needs, including physical address, data flow and encapsulation. Below are the organizations that set the standard WAN....

Protocol Layer 1 describes how to provide an electrical, mechanical, operation and function of connections provided by service providers. Some physical standards and connectors described below...


Data link layer describes how data is encapsulated for transmission to a remote site, and mechanisms for delivery that produces frames. There are various technologies used, such as ISDN Frame Relay or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). This protocol uses the same basic framing mechanism, namely the High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) or one of several variants such as Point to Point Protocol.

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